A couple of post-lecture references: This is the paper I mentioned that uses graphics and the physics of refraction to analyze Da Vinci's "Salvator Mundi": Here I mentioned in class that we'll go over a lot of sampling techniques in the span of this course. A great reference for sampling techniques is this book: Here It's not required reading for the class, but if you want to peruse it, it's available for free online (both archived and through CMU's library).
Lambertian: probability distribution proportional to \cos(\vec{n} \vec{w})
For reflection, refraction, total internal reflection and snell's law, see 15-462.
Dispersion (continuous refraction) also account for double rainbow and "Halos" and "Sun dogs".
Dielectric: for example, glass
Conducting: metals
Reflection of light polarized parallel and perpendicular to the plane of refraction.
Fresnel: more
Fresnel and Snell's Law are kinda the same. Snell describes the angle while Fresnel describes the intensity for each angle.
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