Lecture 016

Intutionistic Logic: a logic that does not assume the law of excluded middle, i.e. P \lor \neg P is not always true. It is also called constructive logic because it requires a constructive proof of P or \neg P to conclude P \lor \neg P.

\begin{align*} &\vdash P \to A \;\mathbf{says}\; P \\ &\vdash A \;\mathbf{says}\; (P \to Q) \to (A \;\mathbf{says}\; P \to A \;\mathbf{says}\; Q) \\ &\vdash A \;\mathbf{says}\; (A \;\mathbf{says}\; P) \to A \;\mathbf{says}\; P \\ &\not\vdash (A \;\mathbf{says}\; p) \to p \end{align*}
\begin{align*} &\frac{}{\Gamma, P \vdash P} \text{id} \\ \frac{\Gamma, P \vdash Q}{\Gamma \vdash P \to Q} {\to R} \qquad& \frac{\Gamma \vdash P \quad \Gamma, Q \vdash \delta}{\Gamma, P \to Q \vdash \delta} {\to L} \\ \frac{\Gamma \vdash P \quad \Gamma \vdash Q}{\Gamma \vdash P \land Q} {\land R} \qquad& \frac{\Gamma, P, Q \vdash \delta}{\Gamma, P \land Q \vdash \delta} {\land L} \\ \frac{\Gamma \vdash P(y) \quad y \notin (\Gamma, \forall x.\, P(x))}{\Gamma \vdash \forall x.\, P(x)} {\forall R^y} \qquad& \frac{\Gamma, P(c) \vdash \delta}{\Gamma, \forall x.\, P(x) \vdash \delta} {\forall L} \\ \frac{\Gamma \vdash P}{\Gamma \vdash P \lor Q} {\lor R_1} \quad \frac{\Gamma \vdash Q}{\Gamma \vdash P \lor Q} {\lor R_2} \qquad& \frac{\Gamma, P \vdash \delta \quad \Gamma, Q \vdash \delta}{\Gamma, P \lor Q \vdash \delta} {\lor L} \end{align*}
\begin{align*} \frac{}{\Gamma, P \vdash P} \text{id} \\ \frac{\Gamma, P \vdash Q}{\Gamma \vdash P \to Q} {\to R} \qquad& \frac{\Gamma \vdash P \quad \Gamma, Q \vdash \delta}{\Gamma, P \to Q \vdash \delta} {\to L} \\ \frac{\Gamma \vdash P \quad \Gamma \vdash Q}{\Gamma \vdash P \land Q} {\land R} \qquad& \frac{\Gamma, P, Q \vdash \delta}{\Gamma, P \land Q \vdash \delta} {\land L} \\ \frac{\Gamma \vdash P(y) \quad y \notin (\Gamma, \forall x.\, P(x))}{\Gamma \vdash \forall x.\, P(x)} {\forall R^y} \qquad& \frac{\Gamma, P(c) \vdash \delta}{\Gamma, \forall x.\, P(x) \vdash \delta} {\forall L} \\ \frac{\Gamma \vdash P}{\Gamma \vdash P \lor Q} {\lor R_1} \quad \frac{\Gamma \vdash Q}{\Gamma \vdash P \lor Q} {\lor R_2} \qquad& \frac{\Gamma, P \vdash \delta \quad \Gamma, Q \vdash \delta}{\Gamma, P \lor Q \vdash \delta} {\lor L} \\ \frac{\Gamma \vdash A \;\mathbf{aff}\; P}{\Gamma \vdash (A \;\mathbf{says}\; P)} {\mathbf{says}R} \qquad& \frac{\Gamma, P \vdash A \;\mathbf{aff}\; Q}{\Gamma, A \;\mathbf{says}\; P \vdash A \;\mathbf{aff}\; Q} {\mathbf{says}L} \\ &\frac{\Gamma \vdash P}{\Gamma \vdash A \;\mathbf{aff}\; P} \;\mathbf{aff} \end{align*}

Notice R_1 and R_2 makes proof search more difficult. Above rules are not invertible.

Table of Content